Process of producing coated-metal objects.



J. I. MONNOT. PRGGESS 0F PRODUGING COATED METAL OBJECTS. APPLIOATION FILED DB0. zo, 1910. BBNBWED SEPT. 1o, 1912.

l y042,56; Patented 001;. 29, 191.2.

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@9111111905601 u uc n (fo z EEANOE, JissIGNoE 'ro nUELEx NEW YORK, N.

JOHN E. MONNOT, OE Pears,

Y., A CORPORATION or NEW YORK.

PROCESS 0F lPROllUCIiING ICOA'IED-IllIETAL OBJECTS.

1,042,586., Patented-Unt. 29, 191,2, Application led December 20, 1 910, Serial No. 598,329. Renewed September 10, 1912. Serial No'. 719,648.

Specification of Letters Patent.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that l, JOHN FERREOL MON- Nor, a citizen of the United States, andaresident of Paris, France, have invented cert-ain produced is Worked, usually after subniission to a soaking heat. Preferably the core or billet to be coated is preliminaiily heated. before submersion in the fi new and useful Improvements in Processes bath; and this preliminary heating is conof Producing Coated-Metal Objects; and l veniently conducted in a bath of highly hereby declare the following to be a full' and heated fusible mineral material such as exact description thereof, such as will enable boron, water glass or a mixture ot both, or others skilled in the art to which they invena bath of lead covered Wit-l1 fluir. ln this tion pertains to make and practise the same. heating it is not necessary that the steel lily invention relates to a proc/ess for proshould be heated uniformly throughout; it ducing ingots and like bodies of coated is suflicient it the billet acquires a high temiiietals, and more particularly to a process perature superlicially. The sur-tace otl the tor producing clad metals, by which term is supermolten metal is preferablycovered and meant bodies comprising a core or base of protected vtrom oxidation by a molten layer l@ one metal, (iron or steel for instance) havof similar t'usible mineral material, whereby ing united thereto, and preferably insepathe billet when withdrawn from the superrably united or Welded thereto, a substantial molten bath will be covered with an' adhercoatingof anunlike metal, (for inst-ance, ing coating of siicliumineral material, servcopper, silver, gold, aluminum, brass, ing to protect the highly heated surface of bronze, aluminum bronce, etc.) the said billet from oxidation; and the charge ln Patents `rlos. 851,684-, l,993, 853,716, of molten metal in the mold is also preter- Tlllt and 929,777, l have illustrated and a ly covered with a similar protective layer described apparatus and process for produc.- of `fusible mineral material, such layer and ing olafI metal bodies such as referred to, the molten metal in the mold being ot suoli and comprising various pairs of unlike temperature that when the billet is dipped metals such as referred to inseparably into the molten metal in such mold the proivelded together, the pairs of metals being tective coating on its surface will be proin some cases united by au intermediate thin gressively removed exposing a clean nielayer of a third met-al inseparably Welded to 'tallic surface to cont-act with the molten @5 both. metal in the mold.

The present process comprises an ims explained in my said Patent No. proved method of applying coatings and 853,716, when a clean metallic surface is of producing clad metal bodies such as recontacted momentarily With a body of suferred to. permolten unlike metal and then Withdrawn 99 According to the process herein described, om such Contact, it is covered with a thin l submerge a cleaned core or billet in a bath film of fcohering metal from said supermolof unlike metal maintained in the highly ten bath, there being perhaps an interme` heated condition termed in my Patent diate layer of alloy between the metal ot' the 853,716 the supermolten conditionq that billet and the metal derived from the bath, is at a temperature relatively high with ree lilm coating so formed being united to spect to its melting or ordinary casting temt e surface of said billet by a union equivperature, and after momentary Contact of alent to, and probably constituting, a Weld such core or billet With such supermolten union. Such coatin 'so applied after solidimetal, said core or billet is Withdrawn covication is inseparale from the billet by 300 ered with a clinging film of the metal of the temperature changes, as by quenching after ath, protected as hereinafter described eating; or by anything short of the action rom oxidation, and introduced into a mold of abrasives, solvents or sucient heat to previously charged as herein described, with melt the coating bodily. ln inost` cases the a proper mass of molten coating metal which metal of the filming bath/is the same as that R95 li eWise may be ai a temperature very much to be subsequently applied to form the main a ove its melting or its ordinary casting coating or is a component of such second temperature The molten metal in this mold metal in case the main coat-ing` metal be an is t en permitted to solidify on the core or alloy; and in either case the metal of the b' et and after solidiication the ingot thus I main coating will unite readily to this lm 110 METALS COMPANY, or

Q i spaanse coating. "ln cases where the metal of the borundum hn coating is a different metal from that may be s of the. main coating, the metal chosen for mold wi be onel of commercial grades of silver, the raised an film coating may be copper. suitabl In the accompanying drawings l illustrated trate more or less diagrammatically, .appneumatic hoist 19 paratus such as may be used in carrying out running on a track my invention. of the billets in the mo In said drawings: Figure 1 is a view likewise it is necessary, showing said apparatus in elevation and ticularly partly in sectional elevation; and Fig. 2 is a made from detail perspective view illustrating a against solvent a method of preliminarily heating the molds. mold on the billet; for

In said drawings, 1, 1 designate heating for example',y appears to furnaces comprising heating chambers 2, vent action on steel, or and provided with anv opening 3 through heated steel, and which a flame jet may be projected from a ence of a very sm suitable burner not shown, the flame being copper caused to impinge against a suitable pedestal the copper or spreader 4 and then `to rise up through necessary t molten. metal, and in order to avoid chilling to preve of the molten metal by these molds, they are metal in commonly heated to a high temperature. into such mo conducting opera naces 1, as shown in Fig. 1, so that the flame contact of th and heat of these furnaces passes through metal of the bille them; or, as illustrated in Fig. 2, a dame such metal in the m from a suitableburner 17 may be directed the film coating on This film coating bei constituting a coating finally of the metal o dissolved from and su filming To this end they may be placed overl furby axially through the mold, and spread out so as to lick the inner surface of the mold, by a suitable spreader 18 of refractory material. Customarily the molds are heated to or nearly to a red heat inside before the. introduction of the molten metal; but so low is the heat conductivity of the granulay cared as described that it nner surface of the 4weakening the heated at thei thou't materially the film coating is one with Which the metal metal jacket 9. of the main coating would readily unite. For handling t the billets any convenient For exairple, when the main coating is to means may be p d by hand l have illusars or tongs.

the billet, an or carried by a truck Q 21. Accurate centering.

for handling ld is desirable; and in lmany cases, parwhen electric conductors are to be the coated billets,

ction of the me supermolten copper, have a marked solatleast on highly ll known, the presall percentage of iron in reduces the electric conductivity of so that it is often st contamination o Y by- 'ihctal dissolved through an opening inf the top thereof. from the billets. To guard' Within said furnaces are crucibles, 5 and to insure accurate ce 6, of which 5 customarily contains the l yin the molds, -molten material (flux, lead, etc.) for pielet, before th liminarily heating, and crucible 6 custommold, with a arily contains the supermolten filming bath, material (comp the surface of the metal in crucible @being ample or protected by a layer 7 of fusible mineral centered material such as referred to. Within conmeans of a centerin venient range of the furnace are one or more entering a center'i molds 8, which may conveniently have a piece; and body of a highly refractory material, such nvided with a centering poi as carborundum mixed together with a sinall enter a centerin amount of binder `such as sodium silicate Ithe mold. The (water glass) fire clay, lime or a mixture being pressed up ag of tivo or more of these substances, surbillet af rounded by an outer metal jacket 9. Said from the lil molds also havebottoms 10 of similar matehesive'ly hel rial. lt is desirable that these molds be the coating made in two or more sections held together hering to by suitable fastening. AThey may advanbillet. tageously be made with any draft 7 and in in diameter th three sections. Suitable molds for the presfore serves not only toy ent urpose are ,described in my Patent the molten me 420. Before charging these molds with bly unlmed enormously; o guard again the chamber, finally U passing therefrom themetal in e billet is int bottom .piece acted carb with respect to ttom piece i bottom piece lightly larger d billet and thereprevent contact of ld with the possie billet, but also y the molten the billet is lowered its will be seen,

nd face of th the mold as lten metal.

in the mold with the absolutely avoided, contacting only ywith f the billet. y thin, and

formed, sli the filming ch contamination o bath will be slow,

against this, and

de each bilduced into the '22 of refractory orundum for exaid bottom pi the billet (23) by 24 on said billet 25 of the bottom s in turn prot 26 adapted to 7 in the bottomv of 22 is aixed by ainst the bottom of h s been withdrawn g bath 6 and will be add to said billet by the ffluX or protecting materi he surface and low aid bottom piec ico ici

billets 418'] 1,042,586 when introduced in the lming bath will Whether the iilm of copper formed on such ordinarilybe considerably lower in tempera.- ,test pieces is firmly welded on, as it--will be ture than said bath and will be removed if the met-al is supermolten. The heated from said bath by the time they have acsteel billet, in passing down through the pron quired supericially approximately the teintective coating 7, is freed of any superlicial 70 peratiine of such bath, the billets remaining oxid it may have upon it, so that a true in the filming bath only a few seconds ormetallic 'surface is exposed to the superdinarily, and being raised to the temperamolten metal. After the billethas remained ture of such. bath superiicially only. in the supermolten metal for a time, say

To insure submersion of the billets in the seconds (too prolonged contact is injurious, molten metal the porter bar 28 by which the the copper attacking and rotting the billet is handled customarily carries weights steel-but the exact duration of the contact 29. Between these weights and the billet vai-ies somewhat according to the temperathere will commonly be e collar or spacing ture to which the billet has been heated in ce. piece 30, of less diameter and of refractory bath 5) said billet is withdrawn; and as it De Amateriel. it is important that shall emerges a layer of' protective material be an exc of molten nietalin the mold the coating7 adheres to and coversitssurface, above the billet to supply metal to compenthe thin welded-on sate for shrinkage of the copper; and such coating formed by the superinolten metal.

g@ excess is provided for by making the collar rihe coated billet is then fitted with the botg5 30 of relatively small diameter, so as to tom piece 22 and is introduced intoa'mold 8,

` have considerable space in the mold and previously heat-ed and charged with highly above the billet for molten metal. heated molten copper puriiied as described lt is'highly import-ant that the molten .by being poured through a Ylayer 7 of pronetal in the mold shall be of good quality tective wiping material andI by poling 90 when introduced therein; that is to say, that and, if desired, by the addition of a deit shall not contain oxid, and entrained or oxidizing reagent, such as iswell kiiownjfoi occluded gases; therefore l customarily pour example, metallic magnesium. As the billet said molten metal into the mold through a descends the coating 7 wipes from it all ad- 30 layer of molten wiping liquid as set forth hering air or gases, and said coating, or the 95 in the specification of my Patent No. 929,77 7 metal beneath, melts off the adhering protecwhich wiping liquid may be of the same tive coating which it i has carried with it nature as the protective material on the from the s upermolten bath, so exposing a surface of the supermolten bath. Such wiptrue metallic surface f the film coating to 35 ing material, inmolten or solid state, is

the molten metal in the mold. Said molten first placed in the mold,and then tliemolten metal,i being partly displaced, rises up along metal is poured into the mold, displacing the the surface of the billet, filling the space bewiping liquid as it flows to the bottom of the mold, and being wiped free by such wiping 4o liquid of all entrained gases, superficial oxid,

etc. in addition l commonly pole the molupper portion of such molten metal finally filling, partly or completely, thc space around the collar 30. rlhe billet is centered atthe bottom throughthe entry the introduction of the billet. of the point. 26 into the recess 27 in the bots a specific illustration of my process, I

45 will cite the making of copper-coated bilbillet may be centered by means well known lets-billets from which electric conductors to melders. The molten metal is then permitted to solidify; and as it does so, the A steel billet. or base of suitable size, the surface of which has preferably been thoro oughly freed from oxid, scale, etc., as by sandblasting, is immersed in the preliminary heating or flux bath 5, and when suciently heated therein, say to a red heat, is removed from that bath and immersed in the supero molten metal incrucible 6, said meta-l (copper) having a temperature as nearly as l am able to determine, of from 2400 to `2800 degrees F.; though in practice it is not necessary to know the temperature in degrees,

as the workmen soon learn to know from the surface lappearance when the metal is at the proper temperature, and also it is easy to introduce test pieces and then, withdrawing them and allowing them to cool under conditions precluding oxidation, determine traction of the metal. below as it solidii'ies. 115 coated billet is removed and is worked, or extended, in a direction parallel to theweld formed; such workin being by rolling, pressing, hammering, forcing through dies, etc., and' being done either immediately or after the billet has been subjected to a draft, vertically, the mold itself is parted to permit the removal of the billet; after which the surfaces of the mold are dressed or re-surfaeed, if necessary, and theinold is in condition for use again. l

The metal in the mold need not be precisely at the supermolten temperature, when eroeion ce oi' tlie billet by inc-lien .t oiding solution oli iron from lie molten inetel,

ten inetttl in the desired pres condi tion f :tney use molds 7loon tl'ie materiel oi simile-r to tlint of tlc i Ainiry electric light cartoons. rllliisioonterin ined in slabs under pressure,

is exceedingly leerd :ind strong und likewise cen be furnished with true surfaces. il preferably use in the torni et sln'ce es described in my l3nt-ent 92eme.

llliztt l claim. isz- Qroeess oit producing compound cts 'which comprises itilni coating tile objet to lie coated 'by snlimeiging seine momentarily in e, lintli o'lZ superinolten contingl niet-il haring covering ot molten protective materiel, withdrawing said object troni suoli bzitli with en adhering coating oit suoli protecting material tlierenronnd, and introducing' sncli object so protected into si mold containing molten coating metal at n temperature high enough to melt the protective coating on such film-coated object, und permitting such moltenmetal to solidify on the lrn coating.

The procese of producing compound metal objects which comprises film coating the object to be coated b submerging same momentarily in a bath o supermolten coeting metal having a covering of molten protective material, withdrewin said object from such bath with an adhering coating of such protecting material therearound, and introducing suoli object so protected into e mold containing molten coating?r metal and a supernatent layer of protective materiel intentie en object to :ce c in e beth oit rfitlidrewir oer conditions ing to its ercl e and iininersing Asei i. tector thereon in Within at :r'

niolten metil on coated e suoli mol LVL sncli goron e on einen ct sncli con-te material, tionozt the euri. said object om suoli both end seme in :t oath of copxmolten nnlilte imetal, andy thereby orining e lin coating tliereoit' on tlie surface oit id objecta end ons ing e loodjyY oit molten coating enlistnntinl thickness to solidiiliy iilni coated surface.. 5. The process ot prol'iicing common" l bodies olf unlike metals weld to@ethera which comprises heating the object to 'be coated in e beth oat molten relatively neutral materiel, and thereby avoiding cont-amine tion of the suritece ot such object? removing said object from such oethxend immersing same in e beth of supermolten unlike metal immersi and thereby forming e film coating thereof on the surface of seid object, and then re moving the film coated object troni such bath and immersing seme in a mold containing molten coating' metal and permitting such coating met-el to solidify against its nlm-coated surface.

ln testimony whereof l allix my signature, in the presence of two witnesses.

JOHN F. MNNUT.

Witnesses:

lil. M. MARBLE, D. il. Devms. 

